Copyright © 2000/08, C.J.Summers
This is a guide to some of the BS EN (European) Specifications, relevant to Highways Maintenance and Construction
BS EN Specification No. and related information
BS EN
Specifications are gradually replacing the more familiar
British Standards that most of us are familiar with
according to our position. These documents are as the name implies European specifications and therefore embrace a wide climatic area and many differing approaches to highways maintenance.
It is my opinion in trying to be all things to all countries a lot of the "bite" has gone from these specifications and some almost verge on a "political" document rather than a technical specification.
However these are the documents that are, or soon will be, the specifications we have to work with therefore a knowledge of what has been published and what they contain is a necessary part of the job.
An example of a recent important update is BS 594 and BS 4987 being superseded by the BS EN 13108 family of specifications and a new British Standard BS 594987, from 1st.January 2008.
It is your responsibility to make sure you are working to the appropriate standard, which need not be the most recent edition, but that which was/is quoted in your contract document, this list is just a guide that you may find useful, it is not claimed to be definitive, or up to date.
Where information in my list may be lacking may I suggest you visit the British Standards website for full information and most recent additions / amendments on any particular standard, and for the most up to date list of standards.
Use the search/find function in your browser to locate particular subjects on this page, as the titles have not been entered in any particular sequence.
There are standards now being released with the prefix BS EN ISO, BS ISO and just ISO which is all rather confusing.
I am not too sure where to record these standards at present, and how they are to be treated, so I am entering the
BS EN ISO and just ISO standards at the bottom of this list, and the BS ISO standards at the bottom of the British Standard list.
I have started to enter Drafts for Development in this list.
The Published Documents (PD's) that are being published to give guidance on the new BS EN specifications are also included in this list, usually below the standard that it refers to.
New -
References to one or more updated British European / ISO Standards (and other relevant documents published by BSI) were included in this list on the 16/08/2007 !
I leave you to find them.
THIS LIST OF STANDARDS IS IN NUMERICAL ORDER
(This standard supersedes BS 3195-3 : 1987, which is withdrawn)
This standard describes methods of sampling bituminous binders, to determine the average quality of the material under examination and/or to determine deviations from average quality.
BS EN 124 supersedes BS 497.
BS EN 124 includes such criteria as loading, design and dimensions, but it should be read in conjunction with :-
BS 7903 : Selection and use of gully tops and manhole covers for installation within the highway.
This document describes the method for the determination of the compressive and, optionally, the flexural strength of cement mortar. The method applies to common cements and to other cements and materials, the standards for which call up this method . It may not apply to other cement types that have, for example, a very short initial setting time.
The method is used for assessing whether the compressive strength of cement is in conformity with its specification and for validation testing of a CEN Standard sand, EN 196-1, or alternative compaction equipment.
This document describes the reference equipment and procedure and allows alternative compaction equipment and procedures to be used provided that they have been validated in accordance with the appropriate provisions in this document. In the event of a dispute, only the reference equipment and procedure are to be used.
This document specifies the methods for the chemical analysis of cement. It describes the reference methods and, in certain cases, an alternative method which can be considered to be equivalent. In the case of a dispute, only the reference methods are used.
Any other methods may be used provided they are calibrated, either against the reference methods or against internationally accepted reference materials , in order to demonstrate their equivalence.
This document describes methods which apply principally to cements, but which can also be applied to their constituent materials. They can also be applied to other materials, the standards for which call up these methods.
Standard specifications state which methods are used.
This document specifies the methods for determining standard consistence, setting times and soundness of cements.
The method applies to common cements and to other cements and materials, the standards for which call up this method. It may not apply to other cement types that have, for example, a very short initial setting time. The method is used for assessing whether the setting time and soundness of a cement is in conformity with its specification.
This document describes the reference methods and allows the use of alternative procedures and equipment, as indicated in notes, provided that they have been calibrated against the reference methods. In the event of a dispute, only the reference equipment and procedures are used.
This document specifies the method of measuring the pozzolanic cements conforming to EN 197-1. This document does not apply to Portland pozzolana cements or to pozzolanas.
This standard defines and gives the specifications of 3 distinct low early strength blast furnace cement products and their constituents. The definition of each cement includes the proportions in which the constituents are to be combined to produce these distinct products in a range of three strength classes.
The definition also includes requirements the constituents have to meet and the mechanical, physical, chemical, including where appropriate, heat of hydration, requirements and strength classes.
The standard also states the conformity criteria and the related rules.
Necessary durability requirements are also given.
NOTE - Ratified European Text documents are the complete specification and are usually replaced fairly quickly by the fully titled specification. I am not too sure why they are issued in this manner, it is probably just "procedural" reasons.
This is a recently issued volume (2005) that contains both the specifications BS EN 206-1 and BS 8500, in relation to fresh concrete.
Part 10 : Performance requirements
This document specifies performance requirements for :-
- vitrified clay pipes, fittings and pipe joints as defined in EN 295-1,
- special fittings, adaptors and compatible accessories as defined in EN 295-4,
- perforated vitrified clay pipes and fittings as defined in EN 295-5,
- vitrified clay manholes as defined in EN295-6,
- vitrified clay pipes and joints for pipe jackings as defined in EN 295-7,
for buried drain or sewer systems for the conveyance of sewage and surface water (including rain water) under gravity or occasionally at low head of pressure.
It specifies the evaluation of conformity for the performance requirements of products according to this document.
Part 2 : Test sieves of perforated metal plate
Supersedes BS 410 : 1986
Also catalogued as ISO 3310-2 : 1999
This document specifies requirements for the chemical and physical properties as well as quality control procedures for siliceous fly ash.
It is, however, beyond the scope of this document to specify provisions governing the practical application of fly ash in the production of concrete.
This document provides technical rules for the production control by the producer, including autocontrol testing of samples. It also provides rules for actions to be followed in the event of non-conformity, the procedure for the certification of conformity and requirements for dispatching centres.
Test methods - Part 11 : Determination of air void characteristics in hardened concrete
This standard describes a test method for determination of the air-void structure in a hardened concrete sample which contains air.
The air-void structure is described by means of the following parameters, which are defined in Clause 3.
1) Total air content, 2) Specific surface of air void system, 3) Spacing factor, 4) Air-void size distribution, 5) Micro air content
The method as described is only suitable for use on hardened concrete specimens where the original mix proportions of the concrete are accurately known and the specimen is representative of these mix proportions.
This will generally be the case only where the concrete concerned is produced in a laboratory.
Part 1 : Methods for sampling
Part 2 : Methods for reducing laboratory samples
This includes procedures for RIFFLING and QUARTERING.
Part 3. Procedure and terminology for simplified petrographic description
Part 1:Determination of particle size distribution - Sieving method
This part of the standard specifies a method, using test sieves, for the determination of the particle size distribution of aggregates. It applies to aggregates of natural or artificial origin, including lightweight aggregates, up to 63mm. nominal size, but excluding filler.
Part 3 : Determination of particle shape - Flakiness index
This standard will supersede BS 812:Section105.1, when the full "package" of European Standards are available.
Part 4 : Determination of particle shape - Shape index
Part 5 : Determination of percentage of crushed and broken surfaces in coarse aggregate particles
This standard specifies a method for the determination of the percentage of particles with crushed and broken surfaces in a sample of natural coarse aggregate. It applies to gravel or mixed aggregate containing gravel.
PART 6 : Assessment of surface characteristics - Flow coefficient of aggregates
Part 7 : Determination of shell content - Percentage of shells in coarse aggregate
PART 10 : Assessment of fines - Grading of fillers (air jet sieving)
Part 2 : Concrete admixtures - Definitions and requirements
PART 6 : Sampling, conformity control, evaluation of conformity, marking and labeling
Part 18 : Determination of bulk density of granular materials by the water method with vacuum
Specification for sampling, testing and assessing the suitability of water, including water recovered from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete
This standard supersedes BS 3148:1980, which will remain current until 1/12/2003, when it will be withdrawn.
Part1 : Determination of the resistance to wear (micro-Deval)
Part 2 : Methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentation
Part 3 : Determination of loose bulk density and voids
Part 4 : Determination of the voids of dry compacted filler
Part 6 : Determination of particle density and water absorption
Part 9 : Determination of the resistance to wear by abrasion from studded tyres - Nordic test
In this test a sample of aggregate is rotated in a steel drum with a quantity of steel balls and water, the interior of the drum contains three "ribs" to improve the mixing of the contents.
After a specified number of revolutions the contents are removed from the drum and the aggregate portion sieved on a 2mm. sieve to measure the wear as percentage loss.
Part 10 : Determination of water suction height
This standard specifies a procedure for determining the water suction height of an aggregate in direct contact with a free water surface
Part 2 : Measuring the fibre content in fresh GRC, "Wash out test"
This standard specifies materials, properties, requirements, dimensions, and test methods for unreinforced cement bound concrete paving blocks and complementary fittings.
It is applicable to most but not all uses of these products, read the standard for particular information.
This is a comprehensive standard covering in detail most important aspects relating to the specifying and testing of concrete paving blocks
This standard specifies materials, properties, requirements and test methods for cement bound unreinforced concrete paving flags and complimentary fittings.
It is applicable to precast concrete paving flags and complimentary fittings that are for use in trafficked paved areas and roof coverings.
This standard specifies materials, properties, requirements and test methods for unreinforced, cement bound precast concrete kerb units, channels and complementary fittings, that are for use in trafficked paved areas and roof coverings.
Part 1 : Determination of resistance to freezing and thawing
Part 2 : Magnesium sulfate test
PART 3 : Boiling test for the "Sonnenbrand" boiling test
The "Sonnenbrand" type of rock decay may be present in some basalts, the effect arises when the aggregate is exposed to atmospheric conditions, the degradation of aggregate subject to this condition can happen in as little as six months.
However it can also be many years before the aggregate begins to decay to a smaller particle size, losing strength in the process.
Part 4 : Determination of drying and shrinkage
BS 2000-457 : Bitumen and bituminous binders - Characterization of perceptible properties
(This specification is identical with IP 457 - 2000)
This standard specifies a method for the characterization of the perceptible properties of bitumen and bituminous binders at ambient temperature prior to testing for other properties.
BS 2000-49 : Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of needle penetration
(This specification is identical with IP 49 - 2000)
BS 2000-58 : Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of softening point - Ring and ball method
(This specification is identical with IP 58 - 2000)
BS 2000-91 : Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of residue on sieving of bitumen emulsions and determination of storage stability by sieving
This standard specifies methods utilising sieving for the determination of the quantity of coarse particles of binder present in bitumen emulsions, and for the determination of storage stability.
BS 2000-292 : Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of particle polarity of bitumen emulsions
(This specification is identical with IP 292 - 2000)
This standard specifies a method for the determination of the particle polarity of bitumen emulsions.
BS 2000-458 : Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of recovered binder and oil distillate from bitumen emulsions by distillation
(This specification is identical with IP 458 - 2000)
This standard specifies a method for the quantitative determination of recovered binder and oil distillate in bitumen emulsions composed principally of a semisolid or liquid bituminous base, water and an emulsifying agent.
The method can be used for quantitative determination of recovered binder and oil distillate in bitumen emulsions for specification acceptance, service evaluation, control and research.
The method can also be used to obtain residue and oil distillate for further testing.
Part 1 : Chemical analysis
This standard includes a number of test methods relating to various chemical components an aggregate may possess, e.g. chlorides, sulphates, sulphides, reactive iron, organic components, free lime, etc..
It also includes certain tests for the soundness / disintergration of slag.
Part 3 : Preparation of eluates by leaching of aggregates
Part 4 : Determination of susceptibility of fillers for bituminous mixtures
This standard specifies the procedure for the determination of the water susceptibility of fillers for bituminous mixtures, by separation of filler from a bitumen filler mixture.
This document specifies the laboratory requirements for the specific characteristics of, and the corresponding test methods for, new preformed road marking materials intended for permanent and temporary use.
Most preformed road marking materials , hereafter referred to as "preformed materials", do not significantly change their properties during application. For those materials the performance requirements for road users, in accordance with EN 1436, can be determined in the laboratory, before application on the road.
Part 2 : General safety and environmental requirements
It gives guidance for conducting road trials for road marking materials intended for use in both permanentand temporary road marking.
Recommendations are given for test sites, for the application of road marking materials on the test sites, for the parameters to be measured and the frequency of the measurements, and for the presentation of a test report.
This standard is for paint, thermoplastic and cold plastic
This standard is a companion standard to EN 1919 "Concrete pipes and fittings, unreinforced, steel fibre and reinforced".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2004.
This standard is applicable to all surface dressings (roads, airfields and other trafficked areas) and specifies qualitative and quantitative methods of the visual assessment of defects of surface dressing.
This standard specifies the measurement of the binder aggregate adhesivity, and the influence of the adhesion agents or interfacial dopes on adhesion characteristics as an aid to design binder aggregate systems for surface dressing.
It is not intended that this method is used on site for quality control.
This standard specifies a test for determining the residual binder content of samples of slurry mixes.
It also describes the method for removing water from the samples before carrying out the extraction test.
The method described in the standard can only be used to determine the quantity of binder and not to investigate its quality.
This standard describes a test method for determining the minimum cohesion of a slurry surfacing mix which enables the set time and trafficability time to be determined
This standard specifies a test method for the design of slurry mix based on the determination of minimum binder content of the mix under wet track abrasion conditions.
By using this procedure, the minimum amount of emulsion to withstand the abrasive action of traffic is determined.
This document specifies a test method for determining the suitability of aggregates and cationic emulsions for slurry surfacings and, where appropriate, the effect of individual additives
This standard specifies qualitative and quantitative test methods of the visual assessment of defects of slurry surfacing. The standard is applicable to all slurry surfacing (roads, airfields and other areas).
The visual assessment reports for both methods have identical records and thus both may be used to check the specification for visual assessment of defects.
Defects emanating from the substrate (existing road) must not be taken into consideration.
The test may be used to evaluate the durability of slurry surfacing.
This supersedes BS 1881 : Part 101 : 1983, which is withdrawn
This supersedes BS 1881 : Part 2 : 1983, which is withdrawn
This supersedes BS 1881 : Part 104 : 1983, which is withdrawn.
This supersedes BS 1881 : Part 103 : 1993, which is withdrawn.
This supersedes BS 1881 : Part 105 : 1993, which is withdrawn.
This supersedes BS 1881 : Part 107: 1984, which is withdrawn.
Part 1 : Shape, dimensions and other requirements for specimens and moulds
Part 2 : Making and curing specimens for strength tests
Part 3 : Compressive strength of test specimens
Part 5 : Flexural strength of test specimens
Part 6 : Tensile splitting strength of test specimens
Part 7 : Density of hardened concrete
Part 8 : Depth of penetration of water under pressure
Part 2 : Cored specimens - Taking, examining and testing in compression
A range of different methods of measuring pull-out force are available. The measurement can be used to estimate in-situ strength, to determine when post tensioning can proceed, when forms and props can be removed, when winter protection and curing can be determined, or for comparative testing.
BS 2000-461 : Bitumen and bituminous binders - Preparation of test samples
( Identical with IP 461:2000)
This standard specifies a method for preparing samples of bituminous binders for the testing of their properties
Part 1 : RTFOT method
This standard specifies a method for measuring the combined effects of heat and air on a moving thin film of bitumen or bituminous binder simulating the hardening which a bituminous binder undergoes during mixing in an asphalt mixing plant.
This part of PD 6682 gives guidance on the use of BS EN 12620 which specifies the properties of aggregates and filler aggregates obtained by processing, manufactured or recycled materials and mixtures of these aggregates for use in concrete.
BS EN 1260 covers aggregates having an oven dried particle density greater than 2000kgs/cube metre for all concrete, including concrete conforming to BS EN 206-1, and concrete used in roads and other pavements, and for use in precast concrete products.
Part 1 : Soluble binder content
Part 2 : Determination of particle size distribution
This standard specifies a procedure for the determination of the particle size distribution of the aggregates of bituminous mixtures by sieving, the test is applicable to aggregates recovered agter binder extraction in accordance with EN 12697-1.
Part 3 : Bitumen recovery : Rotary evaporator
Part 4 : Bitumen recovery : Fractionating column
This document describes a test method for the recovery of a soluble bitumen from bituminous mixtures from pavements in a form suitable for further testing. The procedure is suitable for the recovery of paving grade bitumen and is also suitable for mixtures containing volatile matter such as cut-back bitumen but the results may be less precise.
This standard is the reference method for mixtures containing volatile matter, but the rotary evaporator procedure (see EN 12697-3) for mixtures with paving grade bitumen.
There is limited experience of recovery when polymer modified bitumen is used.
Part 5 : Determination of the maximum density
Part 9 : Determination of the reference density
This standard describes a test method for the determination of reference densities of bituminous mixtures.
Part 11 : Determination of the affinity between aggregate and bitumen
This standard specifies procedures for the determination of the affinity between aggregate and bitumen and its influence on the susceptibility of the combination to stripping. This property is intended to be of assistance to the designer for mixture design rather than as a type test.
Susceptibility to stripping, as determined by these procedures, is an indirect measure of the power of a binder to adhere to various aggregates, or of various binders to adhere to a given aggregate.
The procedures can also be used to evaluate the effect of moisture on a given aggregate-binder combination with or without adhesion agents including liquids, such as amines, and fillers, such as hydrated lime or cement.
Part 12 : Determination of the water sensitivity of bituminous specimens
This standard describes a test method for determining the effect of saturation and accelerated water conditioning on the indirect tensile strength of cylindrical specimens of bituminous mixtures.
This method can be used to evaluate the effect of moisture with or without anti-stripping additives including liquids, such as amines, and fillers, such as hydrated lime.
Part 13 : Temperature measurement
Part 14 : Water content
Part 16 : Abrasion by studded tyres
This standard describes test methods for determining abrasion by studded tyres, tested on cylindrical specimens of bituminous mixtures
This standard describes a test method for determining the particle loss of porous asphalt mixtures.
Particle loss is assessed by the loss of mass of porous asphalt samples after turns in the Los Angeles Machine.
This test enables the estimation of the abrasiveness of porous asphalt.
The test applies to laboratory compacted porous asphalt mixtures the upper size of which does not exceed 25mm..
It does not reflect the abrasive effect by studded tyres.
Part 18 : Binder drainage
This standard describes two test methods for establishing binder drainage of bituminous mixtures, the basket method and the Schellenberg method.
Part 19 : Permeability of specimen
This standard describes a method for determining the vertical and horizontal permeability of cylindrical specimens of bituminous mixtures. The standard applies to specimens cored from the road, as well as laboratory prepared specimens, providing the the thickness of the specimen is not less than than 2.5 times the nominal maximum particle size of the aggregate in the mixture.
Part 20 : Indentation using cube or Marshall specimens
This standard describes a test method for determining the depth of indentation of mastic asphalt and rolled asphalt, when force is applied to them via a cylindrical indentor pin with a circular flat-ended base.
This standard applies to aggregates of maximum nominal size less or equal to 16mm.
Part 21 : Indentation using plate specimens
This standard describes a test method for measuring the indentation of mastic when it is penetrated at a given temperature, load and for a fixed time period by a standardised cylindrical indentor pin with a circular flat-ended base. This standard applies to mastic asphalt with aggregates of maximum nominal size less or equal to 16mm.
Part 22 : Wheel tracking
This standard describes test methods for determining the susceptibility of bituminous materials to deform under load. The test is applicable to mixtures with upper sieve size less than or equal to 32mm..
The susceptibility of bituminous materials to deform is assessed by the rut formed by repeated passes of a loaded wheel (one of three sizes of device) at constant temperature.
Part 24 : Resistance to fatigue
This document specifies the methods for characterising the fatigue of bituminous mixtures by alternative tests, including bending tests and direct and indirect tensile tests. The tests are performed on compacted bituminous material under sinusoidal loading or other controlled loading, using different types of specimens and supports.
The procedure is used to rank bituminous mixtures on the basis of resistance to fatigue, as a guide to relative performance in the pavement, to obtain data for estimating the structural behaviour in the road and to judge test data according to specifications for bituminous mixtures.
Because this document does not impose a particular type of testing device, the precise choice of the test conditions depends on the possibilities and the working range of the used device. For the choice of specific test conditions, the requirements of the product standards for bituminous mixtures shall be respected.
The applicability of this document is described in the product standards for bituminous mixtures.
Results obtained from different test methods are not assured to be comparable.
Part 26 : Stiffness
This document specifies the methods for characterising the stiffness of bituminous mixtures by alternative tests, including bending tests and direct and indirect tensile tests. The tests are performed on compacted bituminous material under a sinusoidal loading or other controlled loading, using different types of specimens and supports.
The procedure is used to rank bituminous mixtures on the basis of stiffness, as a guide to relative performance in the pavement, to obtain data for estimating the structural behaviour in the road and to judge test data according to specifications of bituminous materials.
As this standard does not impose a particular type of teting device the precise choice of the test conditions depends on the possibilities and the working range of the device used.
PART 27 : Sampling
Part 29 : Determination of the dimensions of a bituminous specimen
This standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2003, and conflicting standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2005.
Part 30 : Specimen preparation by impact compactor
This standard describes methods of molding specimens from bituminous mixtures by impact compaction. Such specimens are primarily used to determine bulk density and other technological characteristics, e.g. Marshall stability and flow according to EN 12697-34
This standard applies to bituminous mixtures (both those made up in a laboratory and those resulting from work site sampling), with an upper aggregate size not larger than 22.4mm..
Part 31 : Specimen preparation by gyratory compactor
This standard specifies the method for compaction of cylindrical specimens of bituminous mixtures using a gyratory compactor. Such compaction is achieved by combining a rotary shearing action and a vertical resultant force applied by a mechanical head.
The usual tests for air voids, density etc. can be performed on compacted specimens to assess their physical properties. It is also possible to gauge the amount of compactive effort that is needed to achieve compaction on various bituminous mixtures.
Part 33 : Specimen prepared by roller compactor
This standard specifies the methods for compacting parallelepipedal specimens (slabs) of bituminous mixtures, to be used directly for subsequent testing, or from which test specimens are cut.
For a given mass of bituminous mixture, the specimens are prepared either under controlled compaction energy, or until a specified volume and therefore void content is obtained.
Part 35 : Laboratory mixing
This document describes the laboratory mixing of bituminous materials for the manufacture of specimens. The document specifies the reference temperatures for mixing based on the paving grade of the binder.
Part 37 : Hot sand test for the adhesivity of binder on precoated chippings for HRA
This standard describes a hot sand test method for determining the condition of the binder on coated chippings for use with hot rolled asphalt (HRA) surface course, i.e. if the binder that is coating the chipping is in good condition, not hardened or burnt, when the chipping is put into hot sand the binder will melt and cause the chipping to be completely coated with sand.
Conversely if the binder coating is hardened or burnt no sand will adhere to the chipping surface indicating that it is unlikely good adhesion of these chippings will result on site when spread on to hot asphalt, and chipping loss will be likely.
Part 38 : Common equipment and calibration.
This standard specifies general requirements for common test equipment, calibration procedures and reagents for the testing of bituminous materials in the EN 12697 series of standards.
Part 39 : Binder content by ignition
This document describes a test method for the determination of the binder content of samples of bituminous mixtures by ignition, and is an alternative to the more traditional method of extracing binder using solvents. However calibration of this method for different mixture types is necessary by reference to the solvent method.
In case of dispute relating to binder content the solvent extraction method is regarded as the reference.
This document describes a method to determine the in-situ relative hydraulic conductivity, at specific locations, of a road surfacing that is designed to be permeable. An estimate of the average value for the surfacing is obtained from the mean value of a number of determinations on each road section.
The test measures the ability to drain water (drainability) achieved in-situ of a surfacing. As such, it can be used as a compliance check to ensure that a permeable surface course has the required properties when it is laid. The test can also be used subsequently to establish to establish the change of drainage ability characteristics.
For the test to be valid, the surface of the test area should be clean and free from detritus.
Measurements can be made when a road is either wet or dry, but not if it is in a frozen state.
Part 41 : Resistance to de-icing fluids
This document specifies a test method to determine the resistance of bituminous materials to de-icing fluids such as solutions of acetate and formate. The procedure determines the surface tensile strength of a specimen of asphalt after storage in de-icing fluid.
Part 42 : Amount of coarse foreign matter in reclaimed asphalt
This document specifies a visual method of determining the amount and components of coarse foreign matter in reclaimed asphalt (bituminous mixtures).
This method does not completely categorise the foreign matter that can occur in asphalt (bituminous mixtures).
For the use of reclaimed asphalt (bituminous mixtures) in new bituminous mixtures it is important to know the components of the reclaimed material and to what extent coarse foreign matter is present that can influence the properties of the asphalt (bituminous mixture).
Part 43 : Resistance to fuel
This document specifies a test method to determine the resistance of a bituminous mixture or pavement to fuels. The procedure involves initial soaking of a test specimen made in the laboratory or cored from a pavement in a fuel, followed by a brushing period with a steel brush mounted in a mixer. The material loss of the specimen is a measure of the resistance to that fuel for that bituminous mixture.
(i.e. the various standards listed above)
This Published Document provides guidance on the use and application of the BS EN 12697 series of European standards which specify test methods for asphalt.
Part 2 : Information on materials
This standard provides guidance on where to find information on materials often used in temporary works. It draws attention to a number of points that a designer should take into account.
The information given is limited to commonly used steel, aluminium alloys, cast iron, timber and timber based materials.
Requirements are also given for welding, for limiting corrosion and other deterioration. The information provided is limited to the selection of types and grades of materials from standard, which are either international or European Standards.
BS 2000-485 Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of settling tendency of bitumen emulsions
(This specification is identical with IP 485 - 2003)
Methods of test for petroleum and its products - Bitumen and bituminous binders -
Determination of penetration power of bitumen emulsions
(This specification is identical with IP 487 - 2003)
Part 3 : Measurement of pavement surface horizontal drainability
This standard describes a method for determining the horizontal drainability of a road surface as an indicator of relatively low surface texture using the outflow meter as a stationary device.
The outflow meter being a clear plastic 50mm. Diameter tube, 40mm. Long, with a rubber (sealing) ring at the base of the tube.
Water is placed in the cylinder and the time for it to run out is recorded.
The less texture there is on the road will give a "tighter" seal and the will run out more slowly.
Part 4 : Method for measurement of slip/skid resistance of a surface - The pendulum test
This standard describes a method for determining the slip/skid resistance of a surface using a device which remains stationary at the test location. The slip/skid resistance is measured by means of a pendulum incorporating a rubber "slider" which is dragged across the road surface as the pendulum swings.
The "swing" of the pendulum will be retarded to a greater or lesser extent depending upon the friction characteristics of the road surface.
The pendulum swings with a pointer that remains against a scale of SRV's when the pendulum swings back, and a value is able to be recorded.
Part 7 : Irregularity measurement of pavement courses - The straightedge test.
This standard describes a standard apparatus and test method for measuring single surface irregularities attributable to quality defects in new surface course
This standard supersedes BS 63, Parts 1 & 2, which will be withdrawn in June 2004.
This standard specifies the properties og aggregates and filler aggregates obtained by processing natural or manufactured or recycled materials for use in bituminous mixtures and surface trreatments for roads, airfields and other trafficked areas.
This standard does not cover the use of reclaimed bituminous mixtures.
EN 13043 : 2002 is included in a package of new European Standards being prepared that relate to aggregates.
The existing British Standards for aggregates will be retained until the complete package of European Standards becomes available.
SEE ENTRY BELOW
Guidance on the use of BS EN 13043
Part 2 of this Published Document (PD) gives guidance on the use of,
"BS EN 13043 : Aggregates for bituminous mixtures and surface treatments for roads, airfields and other trafficked areas", in the UK.
BS EN 13043 specifies the properties of aggregates obtained by processing natural, manufactured or recycled materials for use in bituminous mixtures and surface treatments for roads, airfields and other trafficked areas
It is clear it was thought that BS EN 13043 was so difficult to understand that a guidance document was necessary to assist those who are involved specifying aggregates in road maintenance.
SEE ENTRY ABOVE
Guidance on the test methods referred to in BS EN 13242, BS EN 12620 and BS EN 13043
This part of PD 6682 gives guidance on the use of the various newly introduced European test method standards for aggregates.
Test methods that will apply to aggregate properties and attributes, such as :-
general,
geometrical,
mechanical and physical,
thermal and weathering,
chemical,
filler aggregate used in bituminous mixtures
etc.
SEE PREVIOUS TWO ENTRIES
Part 1 - Lightweight aggregates for concrete, mortar and grout
This standard specifies the properties of lightweight aggregates and lightweight filler aggregates obtained by processing natural, manufactured or recycled materials and mixtures of these aggregates for use in concrete, mortar and grout in buildings, roads and civil engineering works.
This standard covers lightweight aggregates of mineral origin having particle densities not exceeding 2000kgs/cube metre or loose bulk densities not exceeding 1200kgs/cube metre
This standard specifies the properties of lightweight aggregates and fillers derived thereof obtained by processing natural, manufactured or recycled materials and mixtures of these aggregates for bituminous mixtures and surface treatments and for unbound and hydraulically bound applications other than concrete, mortar and grout.
This standard covers lightweight aggregates of mineral origin having particle densities not exceeding 2000kg/cubic metre or loose bulk densities not exceeding 1200kg/cubic metre.
SEE BELOW
This part of PD 6682 gives guidance on the use of BS EN 13055-2 in the UK.
BS EN 13055-2 specifies the properties of lightweight aggregates (LWA) and LWA fillers derived thereof obtained by processing natural, manufactured, or recycled materials and mixtures of these aggregates for bituminous mixtures and surface treatments and for unbound and hydraulically bound applications
other than concrete, mortar and grout.
SEE ABOVE
BS 2000-494 : Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of breaking behaviour -
Part 1 : Determination of breaking value of cationic bitumen emulsions, mineral filler method
(This specification is identical with IP 494 - 2003)
BS 2000-495 : Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of breaking behaviour -
Part 2 : Determination of fines mixing time of cationic bitumen emulsions
(This specification is identical with IP 495 - 2003)
This standard specifies requirements for mixtures of the mix group Asphalt Concrete for use on roads, airfields and other trafficked areas.
A mixture specification derived from this standard can be used either to declare the conformity of a mixture with known requirements or to make known what those requirements are.
This standard not only contains elements of specifying by stating empirical compositional recipes, but also includes performance based requirements related to the prescribed composition, and constituent materials.
This standard includes requirements for the selection of the constituent materials.
It is designed to be read in conjunction with EN 13108-20 and EN 13108-21.
Note this standard superceded BS 4987 : Part 1, from the 1st of January 2008.
This standard specifies requirements for mixtures of the mix group Asphalt Concrete for very thin layers for use on roads, airfields and other trafficked areas.
At this moment this standard specifies empirical requirements only, performance requirements may be introduced at a later date.
A mixture specification derived from this standard can be used either to declare the conformity of a mixture with known requirements or to make known what those requirements are.
This standard includes requirements for the selection of the constituent materials. It is designed to be read in conjunction with EN 13108-20 and EN 13108-21.
Note this standard superceded the specification of some of the finer bituminous mixtures found in BS 4987 : Part 1, from the 1st of January 2008.
This standard specifies requirements for mixtures of the mix group Soft Asphalt for use on roads, airfields and other trafficked areas.
A mixture specification derived from this standard can be used either to declare the conformity of a mixture with known requirements or to make known what those requirements are.
At this moment this standard specifies empirical requirements only, performance requirements may be introduced at a later date.
This standard includes requirements for the selection of the constituent materials.
It is designed to be read in conjunction with EN 13108-20 and EN 13108-21.
This standard specifies requirements for mixtures of the mix group Hot Rolled Asphalt for use on roads, airfields and other trafficked areas.
A mixture specification derived from this standard can be used either to declare the conformity of a mixture with known requirements or to make known what those requirements are.
At this moment this standard specifies empirical requirements only, performance requirements may be introduced at a later date.
This standard includes requirements for the selection of the constituent materials.
It is designed to be read in conjunction with EN 13108-20 and EN 13108-21.
Note this standard supercedes BS 594 : Part 1 from the 1st of January 2008.
This standard specifies requirements for mixtures of the mix group Stone Mastic Asphalt for use on roads, airfields and other trafficked areas.
A mixture specification derived from this standard can be used either to declare the conformity of a mixture with known requirements or to make known what those requirements are.
At this moment this standard specifies empirical requirements only, performance requirements may be introduced at a later date.
This standard includes requirements for the selection of the constituent materials.
It is designed to be read in conjunction with EN 13108-20 and EN 13108-21.
This standard specifies requirements for mixtures of the mix group Mastic Asphalt for use on roads, airfields and other trafficked areas.
A mixture specification derived from this standard can be used either to declare the conformity of a mixture with known requirements or to make known what those requirements are.
At this moment this standard specifies empirical requirements only, performance requirements may be introduced at a later date.
This standard includes requirements for the selection of the constituent materials.
It is designed to be read in conjunction with EN 13108-20 and EN 13108-21.
This standard specifies requirements for mixtures of the mix group Porous Asphalt for use on roads, airfields and other trafficked areas.
A mixture specification derived from this standard can be used either to declare the conformity of a mixture with known requirements or to make known what those requirements are.
At this moment this standard specifies empirical requirements only, performance requirements may be introduced at a later date.
This standard includes requirements for the selection of the constituent materials.
It is designed to be read in conjunction with EN 13108-20 and EN 13108-21.
Note this standard superceded BS 4987 : Part 1 from the 1st of January 2008.
This standard specifies requirements for the classification and description of reclaimed asphalt (bituminous mixtures) as a constituent material for asphalt mixtures (bituminous mixtures).
"Asphalt" is defined as a mixture of aggregates and bituminous binder.
Some of us would prefer the term "bituminous mixture" in the UK rather than "asphalt", as the use of the term "asphalt" in general context can be confusing in the UK.
We fully understand "asphalt" is the preferred European term adopted by industry.
This standard specifies Type Testing procedures for use for the validation of bituminous mixtures for use in roads, airfields and other trafficked areas.
Part 21 : Factory Production Control
This document specifies both quality and Factory Production Control requirements for use during the manufacture of bituminous mixtures intended for use on roads, airfields and other trafficked area.
Additional testing carried out within contracts is beyond the scope of this standard.
The Factory Production control is to be applied to European Standards for bituminous mixtures if regulatory marking or conformity is to be applied.
It is also a necessary part of evaluation of conformity in situations where regulatory marking does not apply.
This standard is applicable to the control of bituminous mixtures where the constituents and target composition are known, and have been shown by means of Type Testing to comply with all appropriate specified compositional, performance related or performance based
This document supersedes BS 1199 and BS 1200 : 1976, these will be withdrawn in December 2003.
Part 1 : Delta ring and ball
PART 2 : Bitumen number
This standard specifies the properties of aggregates obtained by processing natural or manufactured or recycled materials for hydraulically bound and unbound materials for civil engineering work and road construction.
It is noted that the requirements in this standard are based upon experience with aggregate types with an established pattern of use.
Care should be taken when considering the use of aggregates with no such pattern of use, e.g., recycled aggregates and aggregates arising from certain industrial by-products.
This standard gives guidance on the use of BS EN 13242 in the UK.
BS EN 13242 specifies the properties of aggregates obtained by processing natural, manufactured or recycled materials for hydraulically bound and unbound materials for civil engineering work and road construction.
This standard specifies the relevant characteristics of geotextiles and geotextile-related products used in the construction of roads and trafficked areas (excluding railways and asphaltic inclusion), and the appropriate test methods to determine these characteristics.
The intended use of these geotextiles or geotextile related products is to fulfill one or more of the following functions : filtration, separation, and reinforcement. The separation function is always used in conjunction with filtration or reinforcement, accordingly separation will never be specified alone.
This standard specifies the relevant characteristics of geotextiles and geotextile-related products used in earthworks, foundations and retaining structures, and the appropriate test methods to determine these characteristics.
The intended use of these geotextiles or geotextile related products is to fulfil one or more of the following functions; filtration, separation, and reinforcement. The separation function is always used in conjunction with filtration or reinforcement, accordingly separation will never be specified alone.
This standard specifies the relevant characteristics of geotextiles and geotextile-related products used in drainage systems, and the appropriate test methods to determine these characteristics.
The intended use of these geotextiles or geotextile-related products is to fulfill one or more of the following functions : filtration, separation and drainage. The separation function is always used in conjunction with filtration or drainage, accordingly separation will never be specified alone.
This standard specifies requirements for unbound mixtures used for construction and maintenance of roads, airfields and other trafficked areas. The requirements are defined with appropriate cross-reference to EN 13242.
Part 2 : Test methods for the determination of the laboratory reference density and water content - Proctor compaction
This standard specifies test methods for the determination of the relationship between the water content and the dry density of hydraulically bound or unbound mixtures after compaction under specified test conditions using Proctor compaction.
It allows an estimate of the mixture density that can be achieved on construction sites and provides a reference parameter for assessing the density of the compacted layer of mixture.
This document applies only to unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures of aggregates used in road construction and civil engineering work. It is not applicable to soils for earthworks. The results of this test method can be used as a basis for comparing mixtures before use in road construction.
The test results also allow a conclusion to be drawn as to the water content at which mixtures can be satisfactorily compacted in order to achieve a given dry density.
This test is suitable for mixtures with different values of upper sieve (D) size up to 63mm. and an oversize up to 25% by mass.
Part 7 : Cyclic load triaxial test for unbound mixtures
This standard specifies test procedures for determining the resilient and permanent behaviour of unbound mixtures under conditions that simulate the physical conditions and stress states of these materials in pavement layers subjected to moving loads.
These procedures allow the determination of mechanical properties that can be used for performance ranking of materials and for calculating the structural responces of pavement structures.
This standard specifies the test methods for the laboratory determination of the California bearing ratio and immediate bearing index.
Part 48 : Test method for the determination of degree of pulverization
This standard specifies a test method for the determination of the degree of pulverization of cohesive material after mixing with lime and/or hydraulic binder.
Part 49 : Accelerated swelling test for soil treated by lime and/or hydraulic binder
This standard describes an accelerated swelling test for soil treated by lime and/or hydraulic binder.
The test method is applicable to mixtures that have sufficient fines or cohesion to permit, immediately after manufacture, the extrusion of the specimen from the mould without damage.
Part 50 : Method for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using Proctor equipment or vibrating table compaction
This document specifies a test method for making cylindrical specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures to a predetermined density using Proctor equipment or vibrating table compaction. The method is appropriate for mixtures, or that part of a mixture, containing aggregate up to a maximum size of 31.5mm.
Part 51 : Method for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using vibrating hammer compaction
This document specifies test methods for making cylindrical or cubical specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures compacted to refusal density using a vibrating hammer. This document applies to mixtures, or that part of a mixture, containing aggregate up to a maximum size of 31.5mm..
Part 52 : Method for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using vibro compression
This document specifies a test method for making specimens of hydraulically bound mixture to a predetermined density and water content by vibrocompression compaction.
This document is appropriate to mixtures, or that part of a mixture, containing aggregate up to a maximum 0f 31.5mm..
This method is not applicable to mixtures with a high proportion of fines.
Part 53 : Methods for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using axial compression.
This document specifies a test method for making cylindrical specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures to a predetermined density and moisture content by axial compression.
This document applies to mixtures, or that part of a mixture, containing aggregate up to a maximum size of 22.4mm, and for mixtures that have sufficient fines or cohesion to allow extrusion without damage immediately after compaction.
(This specification is identical with IP 505 - 2004)
This standard specifies a method for the determination of the dynamic viscosity of bituminous binders at a range of temperatures by means of a coaxial viscometer. The typical range of application is from 50 degrees centigrade to 250 degrees centigrade using a rotating spindle apparatus.
BS 2000-502 : Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of the efflux time of petroleum cut-back and fluxed bitumens
(This specification is identical with IP 502 - 2003)
This standard specifies a method for the determination of the efflux time of petroleum cut-back and fluxed bitumens in seconds using an efflux viscometer.
In plain language this means the viscosity of a low viscosity bitumen, e.g. cut-back bitumen, will be designated by the length of time it takes for 50mls. of bitumen to run through (efflux) a standard orifice in a standard container at a standard temperature.
This standard specifies a method for the determination of the distillation characteristics of petroleum cut-back bitumen products (petroleum cut-back includes in this standard, the cut-back and the fluxed bitumens).
This standard is one of a series of standards applicable to flexible sheets for waterproofing of concrete bridge decks and other concrete surfaces trafficable by vehicles.
The document specifies the composition, the characteristics and the preparation procedure of the base specimen concrete slabs.
The document also specifies the composition, the characteristics and the preparation procedure of different bituminous mixtures for the asphalt layer.
It also covers the rules for the preparation of specimens.
(Identical with IP 516-2004)
This standard specifies a method for the determination of the elastic recovery of bituminous binders in a ductilometer at a given temperature. It is especially applicable to bituminous binders modified with thermoplastic elastomers (polymers).
(Identical with IP 517-2004)
This standard specifies a method for measuring the storage stability of modified bitumens/binders at high temperatures.
Part 3 : Specification and classification of profilometers
This part of the standard specifies requirements for profilometers used in pavement engineering in order to give meaningful and accurate measurement of pavement micro, macro and megatexture characteristics of paved road and airfield surfaces.
It also includes schemes for the classification of such profilometers with respect to their use and overall accuracy.
The profilometers may be of any operational type.
Tes